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Leprosy - the big eyes of fear |
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Written by Administrator
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Thursday, 18 February 2010 |
Leprosy accompanied humankind since time immemorial. Like any other disease took place in the history of civilization, to the rank of a symbol of suffering, punishment for sin, the horrors of fate. In 1873 the Norwegian Bergen certain Gerhard H. Armauer Hansen discovered the leprosy bacterium Since that time the disease was called after the name of the discoverer of Hansen's disease.
Leprosy (lepra) occurs in two forms. This first manifested pimples and tumors on the body of the patient. The second is less contagious, but untreated attacks the skin and nerve endings, leading ultimately to tissue necrosis. Destroying hands, feet, nose, ears and face, causing and eventually death. Scientists disagree about how to properly take this disease. Scientists from the Pasteur Institute in Paris declared that leprosy, like Homo sapiens, originated from eastern Africa and from there, with people spread all over the world. Leprosy is known and described in detail in antiquity. Pliny the Elder claimed that to Rome Pompey's legions returning from Egypt. Leviticus of the Old Testament contains the set of rules dealing with lepers. The legislation defines the leprosy of ancient Israel broadly, defining that term, various skin disorders, and even mold or fungus on the wall of the house. Of what it really was leprosy, deciding the priests - the people responsible for ritual purity. The priest, performing the function of the predicate in medical matters, protect healthy people against the epidemic. If you found an infection in a person, he submitted it to seven-day quarantine. If the symptoms have disappeared, after the ritual cleansing convalescent returned to society. If not, "the priest shall pronounce him unclean. [...] Of Jerusalem, which is the plague, he must have torn clothes, the hair on his head, concealed beard, and he must cry, Unclean, unclean! "(Set of 13.44 - 45). This quote demonstrates conclusively that the leprosy thrown beyond the pale of the communities in which they lived so far. Was the religious injunction to protect the community against further lethal threat. It should be noted, however, that the Bible could not be excluded from the patient community once and for all. Fifth chapter of Second Kings tells the story of the leper Naaman, commander of the army of the king of Syria. Ill dignitary appeared before the prophet Elisha, and he recommended him as a panacea swimming in the Jordan seven times. Naaman made the recommendation of the prophet, "and then his body became clear again as the flesh of a little child" (2 Kgs. 5.14). This story of Naaman is also a second plan. Well, Elisha refused to accept generous gifts, which gave him healed Aramean. They decided to appropriate Gehazi the servant of the prophet, who ran for the train, departing Naaman to receive valuable gifts. When Elisha heard of it, he decided to punish the greedy servant: "Let, then, leprosy therefore of Naaman shall cleave unto thee and to thy seed for ever. I came out of it turned white as snow from leprosy "(2 Kgs. 5,26-27). Leprosy became a symbol of punishment falling on people greedy. If you wish, make me clean ... The patients with leprosy also tell Synoptic Gospels (St. Matthew, Mark and Luke). All contain the same story about the healing of the leper who comes to Jesus and says: "If you want, you can make me clean." Evangelists do not put in the mouth of the unfortunate requests for healing. Highlight the primary aspect, which makes a man through ritual impurity attracts above social exclusion. Jesus heals the sick, saying, "Be cleansed", and as a devout Jew he adds: "Go, show yourself to the priest, and offer sacrifice for his cleansing, which commanded Moses" (Mr.1, 41.44). Jesus will remove the patient's suffering, but also requires the fulfillment of orders Mosaic law. Only the testimony of the priest can open the door to a new world of healthy people and ritually clean. The Gospel of St.. Luke provides a brief description of the life of leprosy in ancient Samaria and Galilee. Patients lived in the periphery villages, existing on the margins of life of healthy people. They were not allowed to approach the other. "It came out to meet him [Jesus] the ten leprous men who stood from afar. I raised my voice, saying, "Jesus, Master! Have mercy on us! "(Luke 17,12-13). Continuation is similar to that already quoted descriptions of the Gospel: healing, priest at the order details and deposit prescribed by the law of the victims. Of all the dozens just Samaritan, the mortal enemy of every Jew (and vice versa), returned to thank Jesus for the gift of health and cleansing. In medieval approach to leprosy and leprosy has changed. Sources allow us to look into the fate of the sick, and also show the fear of this mysterious disease. Apogee prevalence of leprosy in Europe coincided with the era of the Crusades. The disease attacked mostly the starving poor, and therefore people with reduced immunity. Not spared, however, also of noble birth. The most famous of that era was the leper King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem known as leprosy (reigned from 1174 to 1185). Although the child was sick with leprosy, became a symbol of knightly courage, fortitude in suffering, and capable of prudence to oppose the court intrigue and betrayal. It was known that the veil deformed face under the mask of the disease. Died at age 24 the king was buried in the crypt of the Holy Sepulcher, and his noble character in the silver mask, soon began to live his own legend. Like the Jews of biblical leprosy was a medieval primarily a punishment for sin, though cruel, but fair. Incurability lepry meant that leprosy was feared almost panic. Medicine, helpless against the disease, strict isolation of infected recommended. Prophylactic separation led to the leprozoriów - leper settlements situated outside towns and villages. Infected family had to leave, and if one of them got sick, the other will automatically obtain the annulment of the marriage (considered them to be widowed person). Only the pope pontificates of Alexander III (1159 - 1181) and Gregory IX (1227 - 1241) stopped the automatic divorce. Church said that the patients are married, but should be separated. With the patient lost loved ones belonging to the community. Passed from the world of the living to the world of the living are considered dead. Exile, accompanied by a sick religious ritual, which we can reconstruct by (liturgical agendas). Began with Mass for the dead in the patient's intentions. After the priest and the faithful went in procession to the churchyard cemetery. There, the leper priest introduced into freshly dug grave, and sprinkled his head off the ground. Since that time this man was already symbolically dead. The priest gave him a "protective clothing", which was to protect against infection in healthy: gloves, a veil over his face, a pair of shoes, a hat and coat. All this would never touch the ground and breathed clean air. On the layette for the next world consisted of everyday objects, in particular dishes. The most important attribute of a leper was a rattle. Had been infected since then loudly proclaim to all that is coming. Remains an open question whether the ordinances written in used in practice. Undoubtedly, however, sealed the church to its ultimate seriousness and irreversibility expulsion. Despite this separation of patients was not complete. Leprozoria projected outside although human settlements, but usually in the vicinity. The road of healthy and sick crossed, after all patients had to live on something. Paralysis in the meeting, they bought food. Not only had access to churches, inns and could not appear at fairs. They were not allowed to touch the well, eat healthy and to remain in their company. Was forbidden to touch exposed to goods, unless he chose him a leper and paid. Finally, the patient was not allowed to talk with the healthy other than the wind.
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